Last updated on May 2nd, 2024 at 03:31 pm
Last Updated on May 2, 2024 Posted by Colonial Acres Coins
Have you ever wondered about those regal faces that greet you when you look at your spare change? Well, in Canada, they’re not just there for looks. They carry deep symbolism, representing the country’s rich history and cultural traditions. These faces tell stories of monarchs who have shaped Canada’s heritage, creating a silent yet enduring connection to the past.
So, let’s take a look into the fascinating world of Canadian coinage and the journey of the monarchs whose portraits grace them, from Queen Victoria all the way to Queen Elizabeth II.
The Origins of Coin Portraits: A Royal Tradition Begins
The tradition of featuring reigning monarchs on Canadian coins originated in the mid-19th century, deeply tied to the historical roots of Canada as a part of the British Empire. This practice not only strengthens the connection between Canada and the Commonwealth but also symbolizes the monarchy’s role in the country’s governance.
Every change in the throne reflects a new era for both the monarchy and Canada itself, imprinted in the small, detailed curves of the coins. The symbolism is more than just a pretty face on a metal piece—it represents political power, historical change, preservation of culture and heritage, and the perpetual bond that Canada shares with its past.
Every coin holds a tale waiting to be told, quite literally etched into its surface.
1. Queen Victoria (1837 – 1901)
First up is the legendary Queen Victoria. She held the throne for a remarkable 63 years from 1837 to 1901, presiding over an extraordinary period of expansion for the British Empire. So influential was she that her image graces Canadian coins, marking her reign during the birth of Canada as a nation. Throughout her lengthy reign, Queen Victoria was depicted in multiple portraits that symbolized her as both a vibrant and commanding young leader, as well as a wise and aged queen.
Victoria with a Laurel Wreath
The first coinage issued by the Province of Canada in 1858 featured a portrait of a much younger Victoria, graced by a laurel wreath, by British engraver Leonard C. Wyon. This design was retained on 5 and 10-cent coins through the end of her reign. This enduring design beautifully symbolizes the evolution of a young and powerful queen throughout her extraordinary reign.
Victoria with a Crown
In 1870, the newly confederated Dominion of Canada released 25- and 50-cent pieces (later followed by 1-cents) bearing a crowned effigy designed by L.C. Wyon, already in use elsewhere in the Empire. The Queen is older here, though she retains her immortality: on Canadian issues, she never appeared as the stately veiled Empress of later British coinage.
2. King Edward VII (1901 – 1910): The Short yet Influential Reign
Following Queen Victoria’s passing, her son, Edward VII, succeeded her. His effigy, designed by George William de Saulles, was featured on all coins minted from 1902 to 1910. The design was a right-facing portrait of the King, adorned in royal robes and wearing the Imperial State Crown. The inscription around the rim of the coin reads ‘EDWARDVS VII D: G: BRITT: OMN: REX F: D: IND: IMP’, reinforcing his status as the King of all of Britain, Defender of the Faith, and Emperor of India.
Although Edward VII’s reign was relatively short, his impact on Canadian history is significant. He is remembered for his efforts to modernize the British Navy and foster goodwill among international powers. His coin profile not only encapsulates his appearance but also helps uphold a snapshot of his reign.
3. George V: A Monarch in Times of Turmoil (1911-1936)
It was under King George V’s reign that the world witnessed some of its most tumultuous times, including World War I and the beginning of the Great Depression. Born on June 3, 1865, George Frederick Ernest Albert ascended to the throne on May 6, 1910, following the death of his father, King Edward VII.
The image of George V that was struck on Canadian coins showed the king sporting a finely detailed moustache and wearing the Imperial State Crown. This reflected his royal authority and symbolized the unity of the British Empire.
- The 1911 one-cent piece: The coin’s reverse featured a chain of leaves surrounding the words ONE CENT CANADA and the year. The obverse displayed an effigy of the King, engraved by British medallist Edgar Bertram MacKennal.
- The 1911 50-cent coin: This coin featured a wreath with the denomination and date within it and a crown. The inscription encircles MacKennal’s left-profile portrait of George V.
His portrait displayed him as a mature, beard-sporting monarch, both to reflect the passing of time and probably as a mark of respect for the difficult period the world and the Empire were going through.
One modification to the design during his reign was the removal of the words ‘DEI GRATIA’ (By the Grace of God) from Canadian coins in 1911. It led to what was called the ‘Godless’ series of coins; the inscription was quickly restored, responding to public sentiment.
George V’s reign came to an end on January 20, 1936, but his influence on Canadian coinage carries on, with his coins still circulating to some extent and his impact on coin design continuing to be felt.
4. George VI: Leading Through World War II (1937-1952)
King George VI, also known as Albert Frederick Arthur George, steered the nation through the tempestuous times of World War II. Ascending to the throne unexpectedly after the abdication of his brother, Edward VIII, George VI served as king from 1936 until his death in 1952. Renowned for his dedication and sense of duty, he became a symbol of British strength and determination during the war years.
The design of George VI’s coinage symbolizes these turbulent times. In contrast to his predecessor’s coins, his portrait is depicted without a crown, symbolizing ascension in times of crisis and austerity. This change in the design served as a powerful reminder of how the monarch’s image evolved to reflect the challenges and changes the country was undergoing.
1937: An uncrowned portrait of King George VI facing left symbolizes modesty and dedication amidst times of turmoil
1948: A revised inscription without ‘IND:IMP’ (Emperor of India) reflects the independent status of India and the end of British rule.
It’s fascinating to note how each coin series released during George VI’s reign reflected the historical events of its time. This concurrence between the evolution of the monarch’s image and the country’s history showcases the significant heritage value of Canadian coinage.
The Changing Faces of Queen Elizabeth II on Canadian Coins
If you’ve been a keen observer of Canadian coins, you’d know that Queen Elizabeth II’s portrait has evolved substantially over time, more so than any other monarch. Her image has seen a greater degree of change since her coins were first minted in 1953, often to reflect her maturity and evolution as a reigning monarch.
Beginnings: The Young Queen (1953 – 1964)
When Queen Elizabeth II’s reign began, her coinage presented her as a young, confident woman. A laurel wreath adorned her hair, representing victory and honour. Mary Gillick, a notable British sculptor, designed this portrait, known as the ‘Laureate Head’.
The Mature Monarch (1965 – 1989)
In 1965, a new image was created by Arnold Machin, revealing a more mature Queen in profile. Known as the ‘Machin head’ design, Queen Elizabeth II is presented wearing a tiara, a gift from her grandmother Queen Mary. This design reflected the regality and experience of her reign.
The Aged Regent (1990 – 2002)
In 1990, a third portrait was created by Dora de Pédery-Hunt, marking the progression of time with an older representation of the Queen. This was the first time a Canadian artist’s design was chosen for the monarch’s image on a Canadian coin.
The Contemporary Monarch (2003 – Present)
The fourth and current portrait of Queen Elizabeth II is the work of Susanna Blunt. Presented without a crown or tiara, this contemporary image reflects the Queen as an aging, yet strong and respected figure. It embodies the changing times and the evolution of the monarchy throughout her reign.
Queen Elizabeth II’s coin portraits capture her journey from a young queen to the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Over the years, these updates on Canadian coins speak volumes about her evolving image and the altering face of the monarchy itself.
Coin Collecting Adventures at Colonial Acres
In this fascinating exploration, we’ve taken a journey from King Edward VII’s reign all the way to Queen Elizabeth II’s remarkable service. We’ve looked closer into the designs and symbols that have adorned Canadian coins throughout the ages, witnessing history unfold through these shining pieces of metal. They brilliantly reflect the growth of the monarchy and the nation itself. These coin portraits go beyond mere aesthetics or functionality; they highlight Canada’s Royal ties, cultural heritage, and evolving identity.
Now that we’ve piqued your interest and stoked your appreciation for these historical treasures, why not start or deepen your own collection? Colonial Acres Coins is your ideal destination for diverse, high-quality, and historical coins, including those featuring the memorable faces of the monarchy. Uncover the allure of the past, invest in tangible history, and enjoy the thrill of coin collecting with us at Colonial Acres Coins.
